Application.
1910.268(a)(1)
This
section sets forth safety and health standards
that apply to the work conditions, practices,
means, methods, operations, installations and
processes performed at telecommunications centers
and at telecommunications field installations,
which are located outdoors or in building spaces
used for such field installations. Center
work includes the installation, operation, maintenance,
rearrangement, and removal of communications equipment
and other associated equipment in telecommunications
switching centers. Field work includes
the installation, operation, maintenance, rearrangement,
and removal of conductors and other equipment
used for signal or communication service, and
of their supporting or containing structures,
overhead or underground, on public or private
rights of way, including buildings or other structures.
..1910.268(a)(2)
1910.268(a)(2)
These
standards do not apply:
1910.268(a)(2)(i)
To
construction work, as defined in § 1910.12, nor
1910.268(a)(2)(ii)
to
installations under the exclusive control of electric
utilities used for the purpose of communications
or metering, or for generation, control, transformation,
transmission, and distribution of electric energy,
which are located in buildings used exclusively
by the electric utilities for such purposes, or
located outdoors on property owned or leased by
the electric utilities or on public highways,
streets, roads, etc., or outdoors by established
rights on private property.
1910.268(a)(3)
Operations
or conditions not specifically covered by this
section are subject to all the applicable standards
contained in this Part 1910. See § 1910.5(c).
Operations which involve construction work, as
defined in 1910.12 are subject to all the applicable
standards contained in Part 1926 of this chapter.
1910.268(b)
General
--
1910.268(b)(1)
Buildings
containing telecommunications centers --
1910.268(b)(1)(i)
Illumination.
Lighting in telecommunication centers shall be
provided in an adequate amount such that continuing
work operations, routine observations, and the
passage of employees can be carried out in a safe
and healthful manner. Certain specific tasks in
centers, such as splicing cable and the maintenance
and repair of equipment frame lineups, may require
a higher level of illumination. In such cases,
the employer shall install permanent lighting
or portable supplemental lighting to attain a
higher level of illumination shall be provided
as needed to permit safe performance of the required
task.
..1910.268(b)(1)(ii)
1910.268(b)(1)(ii)
Working
surfaces. Guard rails and toe boards may
be omitted on distribution frame mezzanine platforms
to permit access to equipment. This exemption
applies only on the side or sides of the platform
facing the frames and only on those portions of
the platform adjacent to equipped frames.
1910.268(b)(1)(iii)
Working
spaces. Maintenance aisles, or wiring
aisles, between equipment frame lineups are working
spaces and are not an exit route for purposes
of 29 CFR 1910.34.
1910.268(b)(1)(iv)
Special
doors. When blastproof or power actuated
doors are installed in specially designed hardsite
security buildings and spaces, they shall be designed
and installed so that they can be used as a means
of egress in emergencies.
1910.268(b)(1)(v)
Equipment,
machinery and machine guarding. When power
plant machinery in telecommunications centers
is operated with commutators and couplings uncovered,
the adjacent housing shall be clearly marked to
alert personnel to the rotating machinery.
1910.268(b)(2)
Battery
handling.
1910.268(b)(2)(i)
Eye
protection devices which provide side as well
as frontal eye protection for employees shall
be provided when measuring storage battery specific
gravity or handling electrolyte, and the employer
shall ensure that such devices are used by the
employees. The employer shall also ensure that
acid resistant gloves and aprons shall be worn
for protection against spattering. Facilities
for quick drenching or flushing of the eyes and
body shall be provided unless the storage batteries
are of the enclosed type and equipped with explosion
proof vents, in which case sealed water rinse
or neutralizing packs may be substituted for the
quick drenching or flushing facilities. Employees
assigned to work with storage batteries shall
be instructed in emergency procedures such as
dealing with accidental acid spills.
1910.268(b)(2)(ii)
Electrolyte
(acid or base, and distilled water) for battery
cells shall be mixed in a well ventilated room.
Acid or base shall be poured gradually, while
stirring, into the water. Water shall never be
poured into concentrated (greater than 75 percent)
acid solutions. Electrolyte shall never be placed
in metal containers nor stirred with metal objects.
1910.268(b)(2)(iii)
When
taking specific gravity readings, the open end
of the hydrometer shall be covered with an acid
resistant material while moving it from cell to
cell to avoid splashing or throwing the electrolyte.
1910.268(b)(3)
Medical
and first aid. First aid supplies recommended
by a consulting physician shall be placed in weatherproof
containers (unless stored indoors) and shall be
easily accessible. Each first aid kit shall be
inspected at least once a month. Expended items
shall be replaced.
..1910.268(b)(4)
1910.268(b)(4)
Hazardous
materials. Highway mobile vehicles and
trailers stored in garages in accordance with
§ 1910.110 may be equipped to carry more than
one LP-gas container, but the total capacity of
LP-gas containers per work vehicle stored in garages
shall not exceed 100 pounds of LP-gas. All container
valves shall be closed when not in use.
1910.268(b)(5)
Compressed
gas. When using or transporting nitrogen
cylinders in a horizontal position, special compartments,
racks, or adequate blocking shall be provided
to prevent cylinder movement. Regulators shall
be removed or guarded before a cylinder is transported.
1910.268(b)(6)
Support
structures. No employee, or any material
or equipment, may be supported or permitted to
be supported on any portion of a pole structure,
platform, ladder, walkway or other elevated structure
or aerial device unless the employer ensures that
the support structure is first inspected by a
competent person and it is determined to be adequately
strong, in good working condition and properly
secured in place.
1910.268(b)(7)
Approach
distances to exposed energized overhead power
lines and parts. The employer shall ensure
that no employee approaches or takes any conductive
object closer to any electrically energized overhead
power lines and parts than prescribed in Table
R-2, unless:
1910.268(b)(7)(i)
The
employee is insulated or guarded from the energized
parts (insulating gloves rated for the voltage
involved shall be considered adequate insulation),
or
1910.268(b)(7)(ii)
The
energized parts are insulated or guarded from
the employee and any other conductive object at
a different potential, or
1910.268(b)(7)(iii)
The
power conductors and equipment are deenergized
and grounded.
TABLE
R-2 - APPROACH DISTANCES TO EXPOSED ENERGIZED
OVERHEAD
POWER LINES AND PARTS
|
Voltage
range (phase to phase, RMS) |
Approach
distance (inches) |
|
300
V and less |
(1) |
|
Over
300V, not over 750V |
12 |
|
Over
750V not over 2 kV |
18 |
|
Over
2 kV, not over 15 kV |
24 |
|
Over
15 kV, not over 37 kV |
36 |
|
Over
37 kV, not over 87.5 kV |
42 |
|
Over
87.5 kV, not over 121 kV |
48 |
|
Over
121 kV, not over 140 kV |
54 |
1
Avoid contact.
1910.268(b)(8)
Illumination
of field work. Whenever natural light
is insufficient to adequately illuminate the worksite,
artificial illumination shall be provided to enable
the employee to perform the work safely.
..1910.268(c)
1910.268(c)
Training.
Employers shall provide training in the various
precautions and safe practices described in this
section and shall insure that employees do not
engage in the activities to which this section
applies until such employees have received proper
training in the various precautions and safe practices
required by this section. However, where the employer
can demonstrate that an employee is already trained
in the precautions and safe practices required
by this section prior to his employment, training
need not be provided to that employee in accordance
with this section. Where training is required,
it shall consist of on-the-job training or classroom-type
training or a combination of both. The employer
shall certify that employees have been trained
by preparing a certification record which includes
the identity of the person trained, the signature
of the employer or the person who conducted the
training, and the date the training was completed.
The certification record shall be prepared at
the completion of training and shall be maintained
on file for the duration of the employee's employment.
The certification record shall be made available
upon request to the Assistant Secretary for Occupational
Safety and Health. Such training shall, where
appropriate, include the following subjects:
1910.268(c)(1)
Recognition
and avoidance of dangers relating to encounters
with harmful substances and animal, insect, or
plant life;
1910.268(c)(2)
Procedures
to be followed in emergency situations; and,
1910.268(c)(3)
First
aid training, including instruction in artificial
respiration.
1910.268(d)
Employee
protection in public work areas.
1910.268(d)(1)
Before
work is begun in the vicinity of vehicular or
pedestrian traffic which may endanger employees,
warning signs and/or flags or other traffic control
devices shall be placed conspicuously to alert
and channel approaching traffic. Where further
protection is needed, barriers shall be utilized.
At night, warning lights shall be prominently
displayed, and excavated areas shall be enclosed
with protective barricades.
1910.268(d)(2)
If
work exposes energized or moving parts that are
normally protected, danger signs shall be displayed
and barricades erected, as necessary, to warn
other personnel in the area.
1910.268(d)(3)
The
employer shall insure that an employee finding
any crossed or fallen wires which create or may
create a hazardous situation at the work area:
1910.268(d)(3)(i)
Remains
on guard or adopts other adequate means to warn
other employees of the danger and
1910.268(d)(3)(ii)
has
the proper authority notified at the earliest
practical moment.
1910.268(e)
Tools
and personal protective equipment -- Generally.
Personal protective equipment, protective devices
and special tools needed for the work of employees
shall be provided and the employer shall ensure
that they are used by employees. Before each day's
use the employer shall ensure that these personal
protective devices, tools, and equipment are carefully
inspected by a competent person to ascertain that
they are in good condition.
..1910.268(f)
1910.268(f)
Rubber
insulating equipment.
1910.268(f)(1)
Rubber
insulating equipment designed for the voltage
levels to be encountered shall be provided and
the employer shall ensure that they are used by
employees as required by this section. The requirements
of § 1910.137, Electrical Protective Equipment,
shall be followed except for Table I-6.
1910.268(f)(2)
The
employer is responsible for the periodic retesting
of all insulating gloves, blankets, and other
rubber insulating equipment. This retesting shall
be electrical, visual and mechanical. The following
maximum retesting intervals shall apply:
|
Gloves,
blankets, and other insulating equipment |
Natural
rubber |
Synthetic
rubber |
| |
Months |
New
Re-issued |
12
9 |
18
15 |
1910.268(f)(3)
Gloves
and blankets shall be marked to indicate compliance
with the retest schedule, and shall be marked
with the date the next test is due. Gloves found
to be defective in the field or by the tests set
forth in paragraph (f)(5) of this section shall
be destroyed by cutting them open from the finger
to the gauntlet.
1910.268(g)
Personal
climbing equipment --
1910.268(g)(1)
General.
Safety belts and straps shall be provided and
the employer shall ensure their use when work
is performed at positions more than 4 feet above
ground, on poles, and on towers, except as provided
in paragraphs (n)(7) and (n)(8) of this section.
No safety belts, safety straps or lanyards acquired
after July 1, 1975 may be used unless they meet
the tests set forth in paragraph (g)(2) of this
section. The employer shall ensure that all safety
belts and straps are inspected by a competent
person prior to each day's use to determine that
they are in safe working condition.
1910.268(g)(2)
Telecommunication
lineman's body belts, safety straps, and lanyards
--
..1910.268(g)(2)(i)
1910.268(g)(2)(i)
General
requirements.
1910.268(g)(2)(i)(A)
Hardware
for lineman's body belts, safety straps, and lanyards
shall be drop forged or pressed steel and shall
have a corrosion resistant finish tested to meet
the requirements of the American Society for Testing
and Materials B117-64, which is incorporated by
reference as specified in § 1910.6 (50-hour test).
Surfaces shall be smooth and free of sharp edges.
Production samples of lineman's safety straps,
body belts and lanyards shall be approved by a
nationally recognized testing laboratory, as having
been tested in accordance with and as meeting
the requirements of this paragraph.
1910.268(g)(2)(i)(B)
All
buckles shall withstand a 2,000-pound tensile
test with a maximum permanent deformation no greater
than one sixty-forth inch.
1910.268(g)(2)(i)(C)
D
rings shall withstand a 5,000 pound tensile test
without cracking or breaking.
1910.268(g)(2)(i)(D)
Snaphooks
shall withstand a 5,000 pound tensile test, or
shall withstand a 3,000-pound tensile test and
a 180° bend test. Tensile failure is indicated
by distortion of the snaphook sufficient to release
the keeper; bend test failure is indicated by
cracking of the snaphook.
1910.268(g)(2)(ii)
Specific
requirements.
1910.268(g)(2)(ii)(A)(1)
All
fabric used for safety straps shall be capable
of withstanding an A.C. dielectric test of not
less than 25,000 volts per foot "dry"
for 3 minutes, without visible deterioration.
1910.268(g)(2)(ii)(A)(2)
All
fabric and leather used shall be tested for leakage
current. Fabric or leather may not be used if
the leakage current exceeds 1 milliampere when
a potential of 3,000 volts is applied to the electrodes
positioned 12 inches apart.
1910.268(g)(2)(ii)(A)(3)
In
lieu of alternating current tests, equivalent
direct current tests may be performed.
..1910.268(g)(2)(ii)(B)
1910.268(g)(2)(ii)(B)
The
cushion part of the body belt shall:
1910.268(g)(2)(ii)(B)(1)
Contain
no exposed rivets on the inside. This provision
does not apply to belts used by craftsmen not
engaged in line work.
1910.268(g)(2)(ii)(B)(2)
Be
at least three inches in width;
1910.268(g)(2)(ii)(B)(3)
Be
at least five thirty-seconds (5/32) inch thick,
if made of leather; and
1910.268(g)(2)(ii)(C)
[Reserved]
1910.268(g)(2)(ii)(D)
Suitable
copper, steel, or equivalent liners shall be used
around the bars of D rings to prevent wear between
these members and the leather or fabric enclosing
them.
1910.268(g)(2)(ii)(E)
All
stitching shall be done with a minimum 42 pound
weight nylon or equivalent thread and shall be
lock stitched. Stitching parallel to an edge may
not be less than three-sixteenths (3/16) inch
from the edge of the narrowest member caught by
the thread. The use of cross stitching on leather
is prohibited.
..1910.268(g)(2)(ii)(F)
1910.268(g)(2)(ii)(F)
The
keepers of snaphooks shall have a spring tension
that will not allow the keeper to begin to open
when a weight of 2 1/2 pounds or less is applied,
but the keepers shall begin to open when a weight
of four pounds is applied. In making this determination,
the weight shall be supported on the keeper against
the end of the nose.
1910.268(g)(2)(ii)(G)
Safety
straps, lanyards, and body belts shall be tested
in accordance with the following procedure:
1910.268(g)(2)(ii)(G)(1)
Attach
one end of the safety strap or lanyard to a rigid
support, and the other end to a 250 pound canvas
bag of sand;
1910.268(g)(2)(ii)(G)(2)
Allow
the 250 pound canvas bag of sand to free fall
4 feet when testing safety straps and 6 feet when
testing lanyards. In each case, the strap or lanyard
shall stop the fall of the 250 pound bag;
1910.268(g)(2)(ii)(G)(3)
Failure
of the strap or lanyard shall be indicated by
any breakage or slippage sufficient to permit
the bag to fall free from the strap or lanyard.
1910.268(g)(2)(ii)(G)(4)
The
entire "body belt assembly" shall be
tested using on D ring. A safety strap or lanyard
shall be used that is capable of passing the "impact
loading test" described in paragraph (g)(2)(ii)(G)(2)
of this section and attached as required in paragraph
(g)(2)(ii)(G)(1) of this section.
The body belt shall be secured to the 250 pound
bag of sand at a point which simulates the waist
of a man and shall be dropped as stated in paragraph
(g)(2)(ii)(G)(2) of this section.
Failure of the body belt shall be indicated by
any breakage or slippage sufficient to permit
the bag to fall free from the body belt.
1910.268(g)(3)
Pole
climbers.
1910.268(g)(3)(i)
Pole
climbers may not be used if the gaffs are less
than 1 1/4 inches in length as measured on the
underside of the gaff. The gaffs of pole climbers
shall be covered with safety caps when not being
used for their intended use.
1910.268(g)(3)(ii)
The
employer shall ensure that pole climbers are inspected
by a competent person for the following conditions:
Fractured or cracked gaffs or leg irons, loose
or dull gaffs, broken straps or buckles. If any
of these conditions exist, the defect shall be
corrected before the climbers are used.
1910.268(g)(3)(iii)
Pole
climbers shall be inspected as required in this
paragraph (g)(3) before each day's use and a gaff
cut-out test performed at least weekly when in
use.
..1910.268(g)(3)(iv)
1910.268(g)(3)(iv)
Pole
climbers may not be worn when:
1910.268(g)(3)(iv)(A)
Working
in trees (specifically designed tree climbers
shall be used for tree climbing),
1910.268(g)(3)(iv)(B)
Working
on ladders,
1910.268(g)(3)(iv)(C)
Working
in an aerial lift,
1910.268(g)(3)(iv)(D)
Driving
a vehicle, nor
1910.268(g)(3)(iv)(E)
Walking
on rocky, hard, frozen, brushy or hilly terrain.
1910.268(h)
Ladders.
1910.268(h)(1)
The
employer shall ensure that no employee nor any
material or equipment may be supported or permitted
to be supported on any portion of a ladder unless
it is first determined, by inspections and checks
conducted by a competent person that such ladder
is adequately strong, in good condition, and properly
secured in place, as required in Subpart D of
this part and as required in this section.
1910.268(h)(2)
The
spacing between steps or rungs permanently installed
on poles and towers shall be no more than 18 inches
(36 inches on any one side). This requirement
also applies to fixed ladders on towers, when
towers are so equipped. Spacing between steps
shall be uniform above the initial unstepped section,
except where working, standing, or access steps
are required. Fixed ladder rungs and step rungs
for poles and towers shall have a minimum diameter
of 5/8". Fixed ladder rungs shall have a
minimum clear width of 12 inches. Steps for poles
and towers shall have a minimum clear width of
4 1/2 inches. The spacing between detachable steps
may not exceed 30 inches on any one side, and
these steps shall be properly secured when in
use.
1910.268(h)(3)
Portable
wood ladders intended for general use may not
be painted but may be coated with a translucent
nonconductive coating. Portable wood ladders may
not be longitudinally reinforced with metal.
1910.268(h)(4)
Portable
wood ladders that are not being carried on vehicles
and are not in active use shall be stored where
they will not be exposed to the elements and where
there is good ventilation.
1910.268(h)(5)
The
provisions of § 1910.25(c)(5) shall apply to rolling
ladders used in telecommunications centers, except
that such ladders shall have a minimum inside
width, between the side rails, of at least eight
inches.
..1910.268(h)(6)
1910.268(h)(6)
Climbing
ladders or stairways on scaffolds used for access
and egress shall be affixed or built into the
scaffold by proper design and engineering, and
shall be so located that their use will not disturb
the stability of the scaffold. The rungs of the
climbing device shall be equally spaced, but may
not be less than 12 inches nominal nor more than
16 inches nominal apart. Horizontal end rungs
used for platform support may also be utilized
as a climbing device if such rungs meet the spacing
requirement of this paragraph (h)(6), and if there
is sufficient clearance between the rung and the
edge of the platform to afford an adequate handhold.
If a portable ladder is affixed to the scaffold,
it shall be securely attached and shall have rungs
meeting the spacing requirements of this paragraph
(h)(6). Clearance shall be provided in the back
of the ladder of not less than 6 inches from center
of rung to the nearest scaffold structural member.
1910.268(h)(7)
When
a ladder is supported by an aerial strand, and
ladder hooks or other supports are not being used,
the ladder shall be extended at least 2 feet above
the strand and shall be secured to it (e.g. lashed
or held by a safety strap around the strand and
ladder side rail). When a ladder is supported
by a pole, it shall be securely lashed to the
pole unless the ladder is specifically designed
to prevent movement when used in this application.
1910.268(h)(8)
The
following requirements apply to metal manhole
ladders.
1910.268(h)(8)(i)
Metal
manhole ladders shall be free of structural defects
and free of accident hazards such as sharp edges
and burrs. The metal shall be protected against
corrosion unless inherently corrosion-resistant.
1910.268(h)(8)(ii)
These
ladders may be designed with parallel side rails,
or with side rails varying uniformly in separation
along the length (tapered), or with side rails
flaring at the base to increase stability.
1910.268(h)(8)(iii)
The
spacing of rungs or steps shall be on 12-inch
centers.
1910.268(h)(8)(iv)
Connections
between rungs or steps and siderails shall be
constructed to insure rigidity as well as strength.
1910.268(h)(8)(v)
Rungs
and steps shall be corrugated, knurled, dimpled,
coated with skid-resistant material, or otherwise
treated to minimize the possibility of slipping.
1910.268(h)(8)(vi)
Ladder
hardware shall meet the strength requirements
of the ladder's component parts and shall be of
a material that is protected against corrosion
unless inherently corrosion-resistant. Metals
shall be so selected as to avoid excessive galvanic
action.
1910.268(i)
Other
tools and personal protective equipment --
..1910.268(i)(1)
1910.268(i)(1)
Head
protection. Head protection meeting the
requirements of ANSI Z89.2-1971, "Safety
Requirements for Industrial Protective Helmets
for Electrical Workers, Class B" shall be
provided whenever there is exposure to possible
high voltage electrical contact, and the employer
shall ensure that the head protection is used
by employees. ANSI Z89.2-1971 is incorporated
by reference as specified in § 1910.6.
1910.268(i)(2)
Eye
protection. Eye protection meeting the
requirements of §1910.133 (a)(2) thru (a)(6) shall
be provided and the employer shall ensure its
use by employees where foreign objects may enter
the eyes due to work operations such as but not
limited to:
1910.268(i)(2)(i)
Drilling
or chipping stone, brick or masonry, breaking
concrete or pavement, etc. by hand tools (sledgehammer,
etc.) or power tools such as pneumatic drills
or hammers;
1910.268(i)(2)(ii)
Working
on or around high speed emery or other grinding
wheels unprotected by guards;
1910.268(i)(2)(iii)
Cutting
or chipping terra cotta ducts, tile, etc.;
1910.268(i)(2)(iv)
Working
under motor vehicles requiring hammering;
1910.268(i)(2)(v)
Cleaning
operations using compressed air, steam, or sand
blast;
..1910.268(i)(2)(vi)
1910.268(i)(2)(vi)
Acetylene
welding or similar operations where sparks are
thrown off;
1910.268(i)(2)(vii)
Using
powder actuated stud drivers;
1910.268(i)(2)(viii)
Tree
pruning or cutting underbrush;
1910.268(i)(2)(ix)
Handling
battery cells and solutions, such as taking battery
readings with a hydrometer and thermometer;
1910.268(i)(2)(x)
Removing
or rearranging strand or open wire; and
1910.268(i)(2)(xi)
Performing
lead sleeve wiping and while soldering.
1910.268(i)(3)
Tent
heaters. Flame-type heaters may not be
used within ground tents or on platforms within
aerial tents unless:
..1910.268(i)(3)(i)
1910.268(i)(3)(i)
The
tent covers are constructed of fire resistant
materials, and
1910.268(i)(3)(ii)
Adequate
ventilation is provided to maintain safe oxygen
levels and avoid harmful buildup of combustion
products and combustible gases.
1910.268(i)(4)
Torches.
Torches may be used on aerial splicing platforms
or in buckets enclosed by tents provided the tent
material is constructed of fire resistant material
and the torch is turned off when not in actual
use. Aerial tents shall be adequately ventilated
while the torch is in operation.
1910.268(i)(5)
Portable
power equipment. Nominal 120V, or less,
portable generators used for providing power at
work locations do not require grounding if the
output circuit is completely isolated from the
frame of the unit.
1910.268(i)(6)
Vehicle-mounted
utility generators. Vehicle-mounted utility
generators used for providing nominal 240V AC
or less for powering portable tools and equipment
need not be grounded to earth if all of the following
conditions are met:
1910.268(i)(6)(i)
One
side of the voltage source is solidly strapped
to the metallic structure of the vehicle;
1910.268(i)(6)(ii)
Grounding-type
outlets are used, with a "grounding"
conductor between the outlet grounding terminal
and the side of the voltage source that is strapped
to the vehicle;
1910.268(i)(6)(iii)
All
metallic encased tools and equipment that are
powered from this system are equipped with three-wire
cords and grounding-type attachment plugs, except
as designated in paragraph (i)(7) of this section.
1910.268(i)(7)
Portable
lights, tools, and appliances. Portable
lights, tools, and appliances having noncurrent-carrying
external metal housing may be used with power
equipment described in paragraph (i)(5) of this
section without an equipment grounding conductor.
When operated from commercial power such metal
parts of these devices shall be grounded, unless
these tools or appliances are protected by a system
of double insulation, or its equivalent. Where
such a system is employed, the equipment shall
be distinctively marked to indicate double insulation.
1910.268(i)(8)
Soldering
devices. Grounding shall be omitted when
using soldering irons, guns or wire-wrap tools
on telecommunications circuits.
..1910.268(i)(9)
1910.268(i)(9)
Lead
work. The wiping of lead joints using
melted solder, gas fueled torches, soldering irons
or other appropriate heating devices, and the
soldering of wires or other electrical connections
do not constitute the welding, cutting and brazing
described in Subpart Q of this part. When operated
from commercial power the metal housing of electric
solder pots shall be grounded. Electric solder
pots may be used with the power equipment described
in paragraph (i)(5) of this section without a
grounding conductor. The employer shall ensure
that wiping gloves or cloths and eye protection
are used in lead wiping operations. A drip pan
to catch hot lead drippings shall also be provided
and used.
1910.268(j)
Vehicle-mounted
material handling devices and other mechanical
equipment --
1910.268(j)(1)
General.
1910.268(j)(1)(i)
The
employer shall ensure that visual inspections
are made of the equipment by a competent person
each day the equipment is to be used to ascertain
that it is in good condition.
1910.268(j)(1)(ii)
The
employer shall ensure that tests shall be made
at the beginning of each shift by a competent
person to insure the vehicle brakes and operating
systems are in proper working condition.
1910.268(j)(2)
Scrapers,
loaders, dozers, graders and tractors.
1910.268(j)(2)(i)
All
rubber-tired, self-propelled scrapers, rubber-tired
front end loaders, rubber-tired dozers, agricultural
and industrial tractors, crawler tractors, crawler-type
loaders, and motor graders, with or without attachments,
that are used in telecommunications work shall
have rollover protective structures that meet
the requirements of Subpart W of Part 1926 of
this Title.
1910.268(j)(2)(ii)
Eye
protection shall be provided and the employer
shall ensure that it is used by employees when
working in areas where flying material is generated.
1910.268(j)(3)
Vehicle-mounted
elevating and rotating work platforms.
These devices shall not be operated with any conductive
part of the equipment closer to exposed energized
power lines than the clearances set forth in Table
R-2 of this section.
1910.268(j)(4)
Derrick
trucks and similar equipment.
1910.268(j)(4)(i)
This
equipment shall not be operated with any conductive
part of the equipment closer to exposed energized
power lines than the clearances set forth in Table
R-2 of this section.
1910.268(j)(4)(ii)
When
derricks are used to handle poles near energized
power conductors, these operations shall comply
with the requirements contained in paragraphs
(b)(7) and (n)(11) of this section.
1910.268(j)(4)(iii)
Moving
parts of equipment and machinery carried on or
mounted on telecommunications line trucks shall
be guarded. This may be done with barricades as
specified in paragraph (d)(2) of this section.
..1910.268(j)(4)(iv)
1910.268(j)(4)(iv)
Derricks
and the operation of derricks shall comply with
the following requirements:
1910.268(j)(4)(iv)(A)
Manufacturer's
specifications, load ratings and instructions
for derrick operation shall be strictly observed.
1910.268(j)(4)(iv)(B)
Rated
load capacities and instructions related to derrick
operation shall be conspicuously posted on a permanent
weather-resistant plate or decal in a location
on the derrick that is plainly visible to the
derrick operator.
1910.268(j)(4)(iv)(C)
Prior
to derrick operation the parking brake must be
set and the stabilizers extended if the vehicle
is so equipped. When the vehicle is situated on
a grade, at least two wheels must be chocked on
the downgrade side.
1910.268(j)(4)(iv)(D)
Only
persons trained in the operation of the derrick
shall be permitted to operate the derrick.
1910.268(j)(4)(iv)(E)
Hand
signals to derrick operators shall be those prescribed
by ANSI B30.6-1969, "Safety Code for Derricks",
which is incorporated by reference as specified
in § 1910.6.
1910.268(j)(4)(iv)(F)
The
employer shall ensure that the derrick and its
associated equipment are inspected by a competent
person at intervals set by the manufacturer but
in no case less than once per year. Records shall
be maintained including the dates of inspections,
and necessary repairs made, if corrective action
was required.
..1910.268(j)(4)(iv)(G)
1910.268(j)(4)(iv)(G)
Modifications
or additions to the derrick and its associated
equipment that alter its capacity or affect its
safe operation shall be made only with written
certification from the manufacturer, or other
equivalent entity, such as a nationally recognized
testing laboratory, that the modification results
in the equipment being safe for its intended use.
Such changes shall require the changing and posting
of revised capacity and instruction decals or
plates. These new ratings or limitations shall
be as provided by the manufacturer or other equivalent
entity.
1910.268(j)(4)(iv)(H)
Wire
rope used with derricks shall be of improved plow
steel or equivalent. Wire rope safety factors
shall be in accordance with American National
Standards Institute B30.6-1969.
1910.268(j)(4)(iv)(I)
Wire
rope shall be taken out of service, or the defective
portion removed, when any of the following conditions
exist:
1910.268(j)(4)(iv)(I)(1)
The
rope strength has been significantly reduced due
to corrosion, pitting, or excessive heat, or
1910.268(j)(4)(iv)(I)(2)
The
thickness of the outer wires of the rope has been
reduced to two-thirds or less of the original
thickness, or
1910.268(j)(4)(iv)(I)(3)
There
are more than six broken wires in any one rope
lay, or
1910.268(j)(4)(iv)(I)(4)
There
is excessive permanent distortion caused by kinking,
crushing, or severe twisting of the rope.
..1910.268(k)
1910.268(k)
Materials
handling and storage --
1910.268(k)(1)
Poles.
When working with poles in piles or stacks, work
shall be performed from the ends of the poles
as much as possible, and precautions shall be
taken for the safety of employees at the other
end of the pole. During pole hauling operations,
all loads shall be secured to prevent displacement.
Lights, reflectors and/or flags shall be displayed
on the end and sides of the load as necessary.
The requirements for installation, removal, or
other handling of poles in pole lines are prescribed
in paragraph (n) of this section which pertains
to overhead lines. In the case of hoisting machinery
equipped with a positive stop loadholding device,
it shall be permissible for the operator to leave
his position at the controls (while a load is
suspended) for the sole purpose of assisting in
positioning the load prior to landing it. Prior
to unloading steel, poles, crossarms, and similar
material, the load shall be thoroughly examined
to ascertain that the load has not shifted, that
binders or stakes have not broken, and that the
load is not otherwise hazardous to employees.
1910.268(k)(2)
Cable
reels. Cable reels in storage shall be
checked or otherwise restrained when there is
a possibility that they might accidentally roll
from position.
1910.268(l)
Cable
fault locating and testing.
1910.268(l)(1)
Employees
involved in using high voltages to locate trouble
or test cables shall be instructed in the precautions
necessary for their own safety and the safety
of other employees.
1910.268(l)(2)
Before
the voltage is applied, cable conductors shall
be isolated to the extent practicable. Employees
shall be warned, by such techniques as briefing
and tagging at all affected locations, to stay
clear while the voltage is applied.
1910.268(m)
Grounding
for employee protection -- pole lines --
1910.268(m)(1)
Power
conductors. Electric power conductors
and equipment shall be considered as energized
unless the employee can visually determine that
they are bonded to one of the grounds listed in
paragraph (m)(4) of this section.
1910.268(m)(2)
Nonworking
open wire. Nonworking open wire communications
lines shall be bonded to one of the grounds listed
in paragraph (m)(4) of this section.
1910.268(m)(3)
Vertical
power conduit, power ground wires and street light
fixtures.
1910.268(m)(3)(i)
Metal
power conduit on joint use poles, exposed vertical
power ground wires, and street light fixtures
which are below communications attachments or
less than 20 inches above these attachments, shall
be considered energized and shall be tested for
voltage unless the employee can visually determine
that they are bonded to the communications suspension
strand or cable sheath.
1910.268(m)(3)(ii)
If
no hazardous voltage is shown by the voltage test,
a temporary bond shall be placed between such
street light fixture, exposed vertical power grounding
conductor, or metallic power conduit and the communications
cable strand. Temporary bonds used for this purpose
shall have sufficient conductivity to carry at
least 500 amperes for a period of one second without
fusing.
1910.268(m)(4)
Suitable
protective grounding. Acceptable grounds
for protective grounding are as follows:
1910.268(m)(4)(i)
A
vertical ground wire which has been tested, found
safe, and is connected to a power system multigrounded
neutral or the grounded neutral of a power secondary
system where there are at least three services
connected;
1910.268(m)(4)(ii)
Communications
cable sheath or shield and its supporting strand
where the sheath or shield is:
..1910.268(m)(4)(ii)(A)
1910.268(m)(4)(ii)(A)
Bonded
to an underground or buried cable which is connected
to a central office ground, or
1910.268(m)(4)(ii)(B)
Bonded
to an underground metallic piping system, or
1910.268(m)(4)(ii)(C)
Bonded
to a power system multigrounded neutral or grounded
neutral of a power secondary system which has
at least three services connected;
1910.268(m)(4)(iii)
Guys
which are bonded to the grounds specified in paragraphs
(m)(4)(i) and (ii) of this section and which have
continuity uninterrupted by an insulator; and
1910.268(m)(4)(iv)
If
all of the preceding grounds are not available,
arrays of driven ground rods where the resultant
resistance to ground will be low enough to eliminate
danger to personnel or permit prompt operation
of protective devices.
..1910.268(m)(5)
1910.268(m)(5)
Attaching
and removing temporary bonds. When attaching
grounds (bonds), the first attachment shall be
made to the protective ground. When removing bonds,
the connection to the line or equipment shall
be removed first. Insulating gloves shall be worn
during these operations.
1910.268(m)(6)
Temporary
grounding of suspension strand.
1910.268(m)(6)(i)
The
suspension strand shall be grounded to the existing
grounds listed in paragraph (m)(4) of this section
when being placed on jointly used poles or during
thunderstorm activity.
1910.268(m)(6)(ii)
Where
power crossings are encountered on nonjoint lines,
the strand shall be bonded to an existing ground
listed in paragraph (m)(4) of this section as
close as possible to the crossing. This bonding
is not required where crossings are made on a
common crossing pole unless there is an upward
change in grade at the pole.
1910.268(m)(6)(iii)
Where
roller-type bonds are used, they shall be restrained
so as to avoid stressing the electrical connections.
1910.268(m)(6)(iv)
Bonds
between the suspension strand and the existing
ground shall be at least No. 6AWG copper.
1910.268(m)(6)(v)
Temporary
bonds shall be left in place until the strand
has been tensioned, dead-ended, and permanently
grounded.
1910.268(m)(6)(vi)
The
requirements of paragraphs (m)(6)(i) through (m)(6)(v)
of this section do not apply to the installation
of insulated strand.
1910.268(m)(7)
Antenna
work-radio transmitting stations 3-30 MHZ.
1910.268(m)(7)(i)
Prior
to grounding a radio transmitting station antenna,
the employer shall insure that the rigger in charge:
..1910.268(m)(7)(i)(A)
1910.268(m)(7)(i)(A)
Prepares
a danger tag signed with his signature,
1910.268(m)(7)(i)(B)
Requests
the transmitting technician to shutdown the transmitter
and to ground the antenna with its grounding switch,
1910.268(m)(7)(i)(C)
Is
notified by the transmitting technician that the
transmitter has been shutdown, and
1910.268(m)(7)(i)(D)
Tags
the antenna ground switch personally in the presence
of the transmitting technician after the antenna
has been grounded by the transmitting technician.
1910.268(m)(7)(ii)
Power
shall not be applied to the antenna, nor shall
the grounding switch be opened under any circumstances
while the tag is affixed.
1910.268(m)(7)(iii)(A)
Where
no grounding switches are provided, grounding
sticks shall be used, one on each side of line,
and tags shall be placed on the grounding sticks,
antenna switch, or plate power switch in a conspicuous
place.
1910.268(m)(7)(iii)(B)
When
necessary to further reduce excessive radio frequency
pickup, ground sticks or short circuits shall
be placed directly on the transmission lines near
the transmitter in addition to the regular grounding
switches.
1910.268(m)(7)(iii)(C)
In
other cases, the antenna lines may be disconnected
from ground and the transmitter to reduce pickup
at the point in the field.
1910.268(m)(7)(iv)
All
radio frequency line wires shall be tested for
pickup with an insulated probe before they are
handled either with bare hands or with metal tools.
1910.268(m)(7)(v)
The
employer shall insure that the transmitting technician
warn the riggers about adjacent lines which are,
or may become energized.
1910.268(m)(7)(vi)
The
employer shall insure that when antenna work has
been completed, the rigger in charge of the job
returns to the transmitter, notifies the transmitting
technician in charge that work has been completed,
and personally removes the tag from the antenna
ground switch.
1910.268(n)
Overhead
lines --
1910.268(n)(1)
Handling
suspension strand.
..1910.268(n)(1)(i)
1910.268(n)(1)(i)
The
employer shall insure that when handling cable
suspension strand which is being installed on
poles carrying exposed energized power conductors,
employees shall wear insulating gloves and shall
avoid body contact with the strand until after
it has been tensioned, dead-ended and permanently
grounded.
1910.268(n)(1)(ii)
The
strand shall be restrained against upward movement
during installation:
1910.268(n)(1)(ii)(A)
On
joint-use poles, where there is an upward change
in grade at the pole, and
1910.268(n)(1)(ii)(B)
On
non-joint-use poles, where the line crosses under
energized power conductors.
1910.268(n)(2)
Need
for testing wood poles. Unless temporary
guys or braces are attached, the following poles
shall be tested in accordance with paragraph (n)(3)
of this section and determined to be safe before
employees are permitted to climb them:
1910.268(n)(2)(i)
Dead-end
poles, except properly braced or guyed "Y"
or "T" cable junction poles,
1910.268(n)(2)(ii)
Straight
line poles which are not storm guyed and where
adjacent span lengths exceed 165 feet,
1910.268(n)(2)(iii)
Poles
at which there is a downward change in grade and
which are not guyed or braced corner poles or
cable junction poles,
1910.268(n)(2)(iv)
Poles
which support only telephone drop wire, and
1910.268(n)(2)(v)
Poles
which carry less than ten communication line wires.
On joint use poles, one power line wire shall
be considered as two communication wires for purposes
of this paragraph (n)(2)(v).
1910.268(n)(3)
Methods
for testing wood poles. One of the following
methods or an equivalent method shall be used
for testing wood poles:
1910.268(n)(3)(i)
Rap
the pole sharply with a hammer weighing about
3 pounds, starting near the ground line and continuing
upwards circumferentially around the pole to a
height of approximately 6 feet. The hammer will
produce a clear sound and rebound sharply when
striking sound wood. Decay pockets will be indicated
by a dull sound and/or a less pronounced hammer
rebound. When decay pockets are indicated, the
pole shall be considered unsafe. Also, prod the
pole as near the ground line as possible using
a pole prod or a screwdriver with a blade at least
5 inches long. If substantial decay is encountered,
the pole shall be considered unsafe.
..1910.268(n)(3)(ii)
1910.268(n)(3)(ii)
Apply
a horizontal force to the pole and attempt to
rock it back and forth in a direction perpendicular
to the line. Caution shall be exercised to avoid
causing power wires to swing together. The force
may be applied either by pushing with a pike pole
or pulling with a rope. If the pole cracks during
the test, it shall be considered unsafe.
1910.268(n)(4)
Unsafe
poles or structures. Poles or structures
determined to be unsafe by test or observation
may not be climbed until made safe by guying,
bracing or other adequate means. Poles determined
to be unsafe to climb shall, until they are made
safe, be tagged in a conspicuous place to alert
and warn all employees of the unsafe condition.
1910.268(n)(5)
Test
requirements for cable suspension strand.
1910.268(n)(5)(i)
Before
attaching a splicing platform to a cable suspension
strand, the strand shall be tested and determined
to have strength sufficient to support the weight
of the platform and the employee. Where the strand
crosses above power wires or railroad tracks it
may not be tested but shall be inspected in accordance
with paragraph (n)(6) of this section.
1910.268(n)(5)(ii)
The
following method or an equivalent method shall
be used for testing the strength of the strand:
A rope, at least three-eighths inch in diameter,
shall be thrown over the strand. On joint lines,
the rope shall be passed over the strand using
tree pruner handles or a wire raising tool. If
two employees are present, both shall grip the
double rope and slowly transfer their entire weight
to the rope and attempt to raise themselves off
the ground. If only one employee is present, one
end of the rope which has been passed over the
strand shall be tied o the bumper of the truck,
or other equally secure anchorage. The employee
then shall grasp the other end of the rope and
attempt to raise himself off the ground.
..1910.268(n)(6)
1910.268(n)(6)
Inspection
of strand. Where strand passes over electric
power wires or railroad tracks, it shall be inspected
from an elevated working position at each pole
supporting the span in question. The strand may
not be used to support any splicing platform,
scaffold or cable car, if any of the following
conditions exist:
1910.268(n)(6)(i)
Corrosion
so that no galvanizing can be detected,
1910.268(n)(6)(ii)
One
or more wires of the strand are broken,
1910.268(n)(6)(iii)
Worn
spots, or
1910.268(n)(6)(iv)
Burn
marks such as those caused by contact with electric
power wires.
1910.268(n)(7)
Outside
work platforms. Unless adequate railings
are provided, safety straps and body belts shall
be used while working on elevated work platforms
such as aerial splicing platforms, pole platforms,
ladder platforms and terminal balconies.
1910.268(n)(8)
Other
elevated locations. Safety straps and
body belts shall be worn when working at elevated
positions on poles, towers or similar structures,
which do not have adequately guarded work areas.
..1910.268(n)(9)
1910.268(n)(9)
Installing
and removing wire and cable. Before installing
or removing wire or cable, the pole or structure
shall be guyed, braced, or otherwise supported,
as necessary, to prevent failure of the pole or
structure.
1910.268(n)(10)
Avoiding
contact with energized power conductors or equipment.
When cranes, derricks, or other mechanized equipment
are used for setting, moving, or removing poles,
all necessary precautions shall be taken to avoid
contact with energized power conductors or equipment.
1910.268(n)(11)
Handling
poles near energized power conductors.
1910.268(n)(11)(i)
Joint
use poles may not be set, moved, or removed where
the nominal voltage of open electrical power conductors
exceeds 34.5kV phase to phase (20kV to ground).
1910.268(n)(11)(ii)
Poles
that are to be placed, moved or removed during
heavy rains, sleet or wet snow in joint lines
carrying more than 8.7kV phase to phase voltage
(5kV to ground) shall be guarded or otherwise
prevented from direct contact with overhead energized
power conductors.
1910.268(n)(11)(iii)(A)
In
joint lines where the power voltage is greater
than 750 volts but less than 34.5kV phase to phase
(20 kV to ground), wet poles being placed, moved
or removed shall be insulated with either a rubber
insulating blanket, a fiberglass box guide, or
equivalent protective equipment.
1910.268(n)(11)(iii)(B)
In
joint lines where the power voltage is greater
than 8.7 kV phase to phase (5kV to ground) but
less than 34.5kV phase to phase (20 kV to ground),
dry poles being placed, moved, or removed shall
be insulated with either a rubber insulating blanket,
a fiberglass box guide, or equivalent protective
equipment.
1910.268(n)(11)(iii)(C)
Where
wet or dry poles are being removed, insulation
of the pole is not required if the pole is cut
off 2 feet or more below the lowest power wire
and also cut off near the ground line.
1910.268(n)(11)(iv)
Insulating
gloves shall be worn when handling the pole with
either hands or tools, when there exists a possibility
that the pole may contact a power conductor. Where
the voltage to ground of the power conductor exceeds
15kV to ground, Class II gloves (as defined in
ANSI J6.6-1971) shall be used. For voltages not
exceeding 15kV to ground, insulating gloves shall
have a breakdown voltage of at least 17kV.
1910.268(n)(11)(v)
The
guard or insulating material used to protect the
pole shall meet the appropriate 3 minute proof
test voltage requirements contained in the ANSI
J6.4-1971.
..1910.268(n)(11)(vi)
1910.268(n)(11)(vi)
When
there exists a possibility of contact between
the pole or the vehicle-mounted equipment used
to handle the pole, and an energized power conductor,
the following precautions shall be observed:
1910.268(n)(11)(vi)(A)
When
on the vehicle which carries the derrick, avoid
all contact with the ground, with persons standing
on the ground, and with all grounded objects such
as guys, tree limbs, or metal sign posts. To the
extent feasible, remain on the vehicle as long
as the possibility of contact exists.
1910.268(n)(11)(vi)(B)
When
it is necessary to leave the vehicle, step onto
an insulating blanket and break all contact with
the vehicle before stepping off the blanket and
onto the ground. As a last resort, if a blanket
is not available, the employee may jump cleanly
from the vehicle.
1910.268(n)(11)(vi)(C)
When
it is necessary to enter the vehicle, first step
onto an insulating blanket and break all contact
with the ground, grounded objects and other persons
before touching the truck or derrick.
1910.268(n)(12)
Working
position on poles. Climbing and working
are prohibited above the level of the lowest electric
power conducter on the pole (exclusive of vertical
runs and street light wiring), except:
1910.268(n)(12)(i)
Where
communications facilities are attached above the
electric power conductors, and a rigid fixed barrier
is installed between the electric power facility
and the communications facility, or
1910.268(n)(12)(ii)
Where
the electric power conductors are cabled secondary
service drops carrying less than 300 volts to
ground and are attached 40 inches or more below
the communications conductors or cables.
1910.268(n)(13)
Metal
tapes and ropes.
1910.268(n)(13)(i)
Metal
measuring tapes, metal measuring ropes, or tapes
containing conductive strands may not be used
when working near exposed energized parts.
1910.268(n)(13)(ii)
Where
it is necessary to measure clearances from energized
parts, only nonconductive devices shall be used.
1910.268(o)
Underground
lines. The provisions of this paragraph
apply to the guarding of manholes and street openings,
and to the ventilation and testing for gas in
manholes and unvented vaults, where telecommunications
field work is performed on or with underground
lines.
1910.268(o)(1)
Guarding
manholes and street openings.
1910.268(o)(1)(i)
When
covers of manholes or vaults are removed, the
opening shall be promptly guarded by a railing,
temporary cover, or other suitable temporary barrier
which is appropriate to prevent an accidental
fall through the opening and to protect employees
working in the manhole from foreign objects entering
the manhole.
..1910.268(o)(1)(ii)
1910.268(o)(1)(ii)
While
work is being performed in the manhole, a person
with basic first aid training shall be immediately
available to render assistance if there is cause
for believing that a safety hazard exists, and
if the requirements contained in paragraphs (d)(1)
and (o)(1)(i) of this section do not adequately
protect the employee(s). Examples of manhole worksite
hazards which shall be considered to constitute
a safety hazard include, but are not limited to:
1910.268(o)(1)(ii)(A)
Manhole
worksites where safety hazards are created by
traffic patterns that cannot be corrected by provisions
of paragraph (d)(1) of this section.
1910.268(o)(1)(ii)(B)
Manhole
worksites that are subject to unusual water hazards
that cannot be abated by conventional means.
1910.268(o)(1)(ii)(C)
Manhole
worksites that are occupied jointly with power
utilities as described in paragraph (o)(3) of
this section.
1910.268(o)(2)
Requirements
prior to entering manholes and unvented vaults.
1910.268(o)(2)(i)
Before
an employee enters a manhole, the following steps
shall be taken:
1910.268(o)(2)(i)(A)
The
internal atmosphere shall be tested for combustible
gas and, except when continuous forced ventilation
is provided, the atmosphere shall also be tested
for oxygen deficiency.
1910.268(o)(2)(i)(B)
When
unsafe conditions are detected by testing or other
means, the work area shall be ventilated and otherwise
made safe before entry.
..1910.268(o)(2)(ii)
1910.268(o)(2)(ii)
An
adequate continuous supply of air shall be provided
while work is performed in manholes under any
of the following conditions:
1910.268(o)(2)(ii)(A)
Where
combustible or explosive gas vapors have been
initially detected and subsequently reduced to
a safe level by ventilation,
1910.268(o)(2)(ii)(B)
Where
organic solvents are used in the work procedure,
1910.268(o)(2)(ii)(C)
Where
open flame torches are used in the work procedure,
1910.268(o)(2)(ii)(D)
Where
the manhole is located in that portion of a public
right of way open to vehicular traffic and/or
exposed to a seepage of gas or gases, or
1910.268(o)(2)(ii)(E)
Where
a toxic gas or oxygen deficiency is found.
1910.268(o)(2)(iii)(A)
The
requirements of paragraphs (o)(2)(i) and (ii)
of this section do not apply to work in central
office cable vaults that are adequately ventilated.
1910.268(o)(2)(iii)(B)
The
requirements of paragraphs (o)(2)(i) and (ii)
of this section apply to work in unvented vaults.
1910.268(o)(3)
Joint
power and telecommunication manholes.
While work is being performed in a manhole occupied
jointly by an electric utility and a telecommunication
utility, an employee with basic first aid training
shall be available in the immediate vicinity to
render emergency assistance as may be required.
The employee whose presence is required in the
immediate vicinity for the purposes of rendering
emergency assistance is not to be precluded from
occasionally entering a manhole to provide assistance
other than in an emergency. The requirement of
this paragraph (o)(3) does not preclude a qualified
employee, working alone, from entering for brief
periods of time, a manhole where energized cables
or equipment are in service, for the purpose of
inspection, housekeeping, taking readings, or
similar work if such work can be performed safely.
1910.268(o)(4)
Ladders.
Ladders shall be used to enter and exit manholes
exceeding 4 feet in depth.
1910.268(o)(5)
Flames.
When open flames are used in manholes, the following
precautions shall be taken to protect against
the accumulation of combustible gas:
1910.268(o)(5)(i)
A
test for combustible gas shall be made immediately
before using the open flame device, and at least
once per hour while using the device; and
1910.268(o)(5)(ii)
a
fuel tank (e.g., acetylene) may not be in the
manhole unless in actual use.
..1910.268(p)
1910.268(p)
Microwave
transmission --
1910.268(p)(1)
Eye
protection. Employers shall insure that
employees do not look into an open waveguide which
is connected to an energized source of microwave
radiation.
1910.268(p)(2)
Hazardous
area. Accessible areas associated with
microwave communication systems where the electromagnetic
radiation level exceeds the radiation protection
guide given in § 1910.97 shall be posted as described
in that section. The lower half of the warning
symbol shall include the following:
Radiation in this area may exceed hazard limitations
and special precautions are required. Obtain specific
instruction before entering.
1910.268(p)(3)
Protective
measures. When an employee works in an
area where the electromagnetic radiation exceeds
the radiation protection guide, the employer shall
institute measures that insure that the employee's
exposure is not greater than that permitted by
the radiation guide. Such measures shall include,
but not be limited to those of an administrative
or engineering nature or those involving personal
protective equipment.
1910.268(q)
Tree
trimming -- electrical hazards --
..1910.268(q)(1)
1910.268(q)(1)
General.
1910.268(q)(1)(i)
Employees
engaged in pruning, trimming, removing, or clearing
trees from lines shall be required to consider
all overhead and underground electrical power
conductors to be energized with potentially fatal
voltages, never to be touched (contacted) either
directly or indirectly.
1910.268(q)(1)(ii)
Employees
engaged in line-clearing operations shall be instructed
that:
1910.268(q)(1)(ii)(A)
A
direct contact is made when any part of the body
touches or contacts an energized conductor, or
other energized electrical fixture or apparatus.
1910.268(q)(1)(ii)(B)
An
indirect contact is made when any part of the
body touches any object in contact with an energized
electrical conductor, or other energized fixture
or apparatus.
1910.268(q)(1)(ii)(C)
An
indirect contact can be made through conductive
tools, tree branches, trucks, equipment, or other
objects, or as a result of communications wires,
cables, fences, or guy wires being accidentally
energized.
1910.268(q)(1)(ii)(D)
Electric
shock will occur when an employee, by either direct
or indirect contact with an energized conductor,
energized tree limb, tool, equipment, or other
object, provides a path for the flow of electricity
to a grounded object or to the ground itself.
Simultaneous contact with two energized conductors
will also cause electric shock which may result
in serious or fatal injury.
1910.268(q)(1)(iii)
Before
any work is performed in proximity to energized
conductors, the system operator/owner of the energized
conductors shall be contacted to ascertain if
he knows of any hazards associated with the conductors
which may not be readily apparent. This rule does
not apply when operations are performed by or
on behalf of, the system operator/owner.
1910.268(q)(2)
Working
in proximity to electrical hazards.
1910.268(q)(2)(i)
Employers
shall ensure that a close inspection is made by
the employee and by the foremen or supervisor
in charge before climbing, entering, or working
around any tree, to determine whether an electrical
power conductor passes through the tree, or passes
within reaching distance of an employee working
in the tree. If any of these conditions exist
either directly or indirectly, an electrical hazard
shall be considered to exist unless the system
operator/owner has caused the hazard to be removed
by deenergizing the lines, or installing protective
equipment.
..1910.268(q)(2)(ii)
1910.268(q)(2)(ii)
Only
qualified employees or trainees, familiar with
the special techniques and hazards involved in
line clearance, shall be permitted to perform
the work if it is found that an electrical hazard
exists.
1910.268(q)(2)(iii)
During
all tree working operations aloft where an electrical
hazard of more than 750V exists, there shall be
a second employee or trainee qualified in line
clearance tree trimming within normal voice communication.
1910.268(q)(2)(iv)
Where
tree work is performed by employees qualified
in line-clearance tree trimming and trainees qualified
in line-clearance tree trimming, the clearances
from energized conductors given in Table R-3 shall
apply.
TABLE
R-3 -- MINIMUM WORKING DISTANCES FROM ENERGIZED
CONDUCTORS
FOR LINE-CLEARANCE TREE
TRIMMERS AND LINE-CLEARANCE TREE-
TRIMMER TRAINEES
|
Voltage
range (phase to phase)(kilovolts) |
Minimum
working distance |
|
2.1
to 15.0 |
2
ft. 0 in. |
|
15.1
to 35.0 |
2
ft. 4 in. |
|
35.1
to 46.0 |
2
ft. 6 in. |
|
46.1
to 72.5 |
3
ft. 0 in. |
|
72.6
to 121.0 |
3
ft. 4 in. |
|
138.0
to 145.0 |
3
ft. 6 in. |
|
161.0
to 169.0 |
3
ft. 8 in. |
|
230.0
to 242.0 |
5
ft. 0 in. |
|
345.0
to 362.0 |
7
ft. 0 in. |
|
500.0
to 552.0 |
11
ft. 0 in. |
|
700.0
to 765.0 |
15
ft. 0 in. |
1910.268(q)(2)(v)
Branches
hanging on an energized conductor may only be
removed using appropriately insulated equipment.
1910.268(q)(2)(vi)
Rubber
footwear, including lineman's overshoes, shall
not be considered as providing any measure of
safety from electrical hazards.
1910.268(q)(2)(vii)
Ladders,
platforms, and aerial devices, including insulated
aerial devices, may not be brought in contact
with an electrical conductor. Reliance shall not
be placed on their dielectric capabilities.
..1910.268(q)(2)(viii)
1910.268(q)(2)(viii)
When
an aerial lift device contacts an electrical conductor,
the truck supporting the aerial lift device shall
be considered as energized.
1910.268(q)(3)
Storm
work and emergency conditions.
1910.268(q)(3)(i)
Since
storm work and emergency conditions create special
hazards, only authorized representatives of the
electric utility system operator/owner and not
telecommunication workers may perform tree work
in these situations where energized electrical
power conductors are involved.
1910.268(q)(3)(ii)
When
an emergency condition develops due to tree operations,
work shall be suspended and the system operator/owner
shall be notified immediately.
1910.268(r)
Buried
facilities -- Communications lines and power lines
in the same trench [Reserved]
1910.268(s)
Definitions
--
1910.268(s)(1)
Aerial
lifts. Aerial lifts include the following
types of vehicle-mounted aerial devices used to
elevate personnel to jobsites above ground:
1910.268(s)(1)(i)
Extensible
boom platforms,
1910.268(s)(1)(ii)
Aerial
ladders,
1910.268(s)(1)(iii)
Articulating
boom platforms,
..1910.268(s)(1)(iv)
1910.268(s)(1)(iv)
Vertical
towers,
1910.268(s)(1)(v)
A
combination of any of the above defined in ANSI
A92.2-1969, which is incorporated by reference
as specified in § 1910.6. These devices are made
of metal, wood, fiberglass reinforced plastic
(FRP), or other material; are powered or manually
operated; and are deemed to be aerial lifts whether
or not they are capable of rotating about a substantially
vertical axis.
1910.268(s)(2)
Aerial
splicing platform. This consists of a
platform, approximately 3 ft. X 4 ft., used to
perform aerial cable work. It is furnished with
fiber or synthetic ropes for supporting the platform
from aerial strand, detachable guy ropes for anchoring
it, and a device for raising and lowering it with
a handline.
1910.268(s)(3)
Aerial
tent. A small tent usually constructed
of vinyl coated canvas which is usually supported
by light metal or plastic tubing. It is designed
to protect employees in inclement weather while
working on ladders, aerial splicing platforms,
or aerial devices.
1910.268(s)(4)
Alive
or live (energized). Electrically connected
to a source of potential difference, or electrically
charged so as to have a potential significantly
different from that of the earth in the vicinity.
The term "live" is sometimes used in
the place of the term "current-carrying,"
where the intent is clear, to avoid repetition
of the longer term.
1910.268(s)(5)
Barricade.
A physical obstruction such as tapes, cones, or
"A" frame type wood and/or metal structure
intended to warn and limit access to a work area.
1910.268(s)(6)
Barrier.
A physical obstruction which is intended to prevent
contact with energized lines or equipment, or
to prevent unauthorized access to work area.
1910.268(s)(7)
Bond.
An electrical connection from one conductive element
to another for the purpose of minimizing potential
differences or providing suitable conductivity
for fault current or for mitigation of leakage
current and electrolytic action.
1910.268(s)(8)
Cable.
A conductor with insulation, or a stranded conductor
with or without insulation and other coverings
(single-conductor cable), or a combination of
conductors insulated from one another (multiple-conductor
cable).
1910.268(s)(9)
Cable
sheath. A protective covering applied
to cables.
Note:
A cable sheath may consist of multiple layers
of which one or more is conductive.
1910.268(s)(10)
Circuit.
A conductor or system of conductors through which
an electric current is intended to flow.
..1910.268(s)(11)
1910.268(s)(11)
Communication
lines. The conductors and their supporting
or containing structures for telephone, telegraph,
railroad signal, data, clock, fire, police-alarm,
community television antenna and other systems
which are used for public or private signal or
communication service, and which operate at potentials
not exceeding 400 volts to ground or 750 volts
between any two points of the circuit, and the
transmitted power of which does not exceed 150
watts. When communications lines operate at less
than 150 volts to ground, no limit is placed on
the capacity of the system. Specifically designed
communications cables may include communication
circuits not complying with the preceding limitations,
where such circuits are also used incidentally
to supply power to communication equipment.
1910.268(s)(12)
Conductor.
A material, usually in the form of a wire, cable,
or bus bar, suitable for carrying an electric
current.
1910.268(s)(13)
Effectively
grounded. Intentionally connected to earth
through a ground connection or connections of
sufficiently low impedance and having sufficient
current-carrying capacity to prevent the build-up
of voltages which may result in undue hazard to
connected equipment or to persons.
1910.268(s)(14)
Equipment.
A general term which includes materials, fittings,
devices, appliances, fixtures, apparatus, and
similar items used as part of, or in connection
with, a supply or communications installation.
1910.268(s)(15)
Ground
(reference). That conductive body, usually
earth, to which an electric potential is referenced.
1910.268(s)(16)
Ground
(as a noun). A conductive connection,
whether intentional or accidental, by which an
electric circuit or equipment is connected to
reference ground.
1910.268(s)(17)
Ground
(as a verb). The connecting or establishment
of a connection, whether by intention or accident,
of an electric circuit or equipment to reference
ground.
1910.268(s)(18)
Ground
tent. A small tent usually constructed
of vinyl coated canvas supported by a metal or
plastic frame. Its purpose is to protect employees
from inclement weather while working at buried
cable pedestal sites or similar locations.
1910.268(s)(19)
Grounded
conductor. A system or circuit conductor
which is intentionally grounded.
..1910.268(s)(20)
1910.268(s)(20)
Grounded
systems. A system of conductors in which
at least one conductor or point (usually the middle
wire, or the neutral point of transformer or generator
windings) is intentionally grounded, either solidly
or through a current-limiting device (not a current-interrupting
device).
1910.268(s)(21)
Grounding
electrode conductor. (Grounding conductor).
A conductor used to connect equipment or the grounded
circuit of a wiring system to a grounding electrode.
1910.268(s)(22)
Insulated.
Separated from other conducting surfaces by a
dielectric substance (including air space) offering
a high resistance to the passage of current.
Note:
When any object is said to be insulated, it is
understood to be insulated in suitable manner
for the conditions to which it is subjected. Otherwise,
it is, within the purpose of these rules, uninsulated.
Insulating coverings of conductors in one means
of making the conductor insulated.
1910.268(s)(23)
Insulation
(as applied to cable). That which is relied
upon to insulate the conductor from other conductors
or conducting parts or from ground.
1910.268(s)(24)
Joint
use. The sharing of a common facility,
such as a manhole, trench or pole, by two or more
different kinds of utilities (e.g., power and
telecommunications).
1910.268(s)(25)
Ladder
platform. A device designed to facilitate
working aloft from an extension ladder. A typical
device consists of a platform (approximately 9"
X 18") hinged to a welded pipe frame. The
rear edge of the platform and the bottom cross-member
of the frame are equipped with latches to lock
the platform to ladder rungs.
1910.268(s)(26)
Ladder
seat. A removable seat used to facilitate
work at an elevated position on rolling ladders
in telecommunication centers.
1910.268(s)(27)
Manhole.
A subsurface enclosure which personnel may enter
and which is used for the purpose of installing,
operating, and maintaining submersible equipment
and/or cable.
1910.268(s)(28)
Manhole
platform. A platform consisting of separate
planks which are laid across steel platform supports.
The ends of the supports are engaged in the manhole
cable racks.
1910.268(s)(29)
Microwave
transmission. The act of communicating
or signaling utilizing a frequency between 1 GHz
(gigahertz) and 300 GHz inclusively.
..1910.268(s)(30)
1910.268(s)(30)
Nominal
voltage. The nominal voltage of a system
or circuit is the value assigned to a system or
circuit of a given voltage class for the purpose
of convenient designation. The actual voltage
may vary above or below this value.
1910.268(s)(31)
Pole
balcony or seat. A balcony or seat used
as a support for workmen at pole-mounted equipment
or terminal boxes. A typical device consists of
a bolted assembly of steel details and a wooden
platform. Steel braces run from the pole to the
underside of the balcony. A guard rail (approximately
30" high) may be provided.
1910.268(s)(32)
Pole
platform. A platform intended for use
by a workman in splicing and maintenance operations
in an elevated position adjacent to a pole. It
consists of a platform equipped at one end with
a hinged chain binder for securing the platform
to a pole. A brace from the pole to the underside
of the platform is also provided.
1910.268(s)(33)
Qualified
employee. Any worker who by reason of
his training and experience has demonstrated his
ability to safely perform his duties.
1910.268(s)(34)
Qualified
line-clearance tree trimmer. A tree worker
who through related training and on-the-job experience
is familiar with the special techniques and hazards
involved in line clearance.
1910.268(s)(35)
Qualified
line-clearance tree-trimmer trainee. Any
worker regularly assigned to a line-clearance
tree-trimming crew and undergoing on-the-job training
who, in the course of such training, has demonstrated
his ability to perform his duties safely at his
level of training.
1910.268(s)(36)
System
operator/owner. The person or organization
that operates or controls the electrical conductors
involved.
..1910.268(s)(37)
1910.268(s)(37)
Telecommunications
center. An installation of communication
equipment under the exclusive control of an organization
providing telecommunications service, that is
located outdoors or in a vault, chamber, or a
building space used primarily for such installations.
Note: Telecommunication centers are facilities
established, equipped and arranged in accordance
with engineered plans for the purpose of providing
telecommunications service. They may be located
on premises owned or leased by the organization
providing telecommunication service, or on the
premises owned or leased by others. This definition
includes switch rooms (whether electromechanical,
electronic, or computer controlled), terminal
rooms, power rooms, repeater rooms, transmitter
and receiver rooms, switchboard operating rooms,
cable vaults, and miscellaneous communications
equipment rooms. Simulation rooms of telecommunication
centers for training or developmental purposes
are also included.
1910.268(s)(38)
Telecommunications
derricks. Rotating or nonrotating derrick
structures permanently mounted on vehicles for
the purpose of lifting, lowering, or positioning
hardware and materials used in telecommunications
work.
1910.268(s)(39)
Telecommunication
line truck. A truck used to transport
men, tools, and material, and to serve as a traveling
workshop for telecommunication installation and
maintenance work. It is sometimes equipped with
a boom and auxiliary equipment for setting poles,
digging holes, and elevating material or men.
1910.268(s)(40)
Telecommunication
service. The furnishing of a capability
to signal or communicate at a distance by means
such as telephone, telegraph, police and firealarm,
community antenna television, or similar system,
using wire, conventional cable, coaxial cable,
wave guides, microwave transmission, or other
similar means.
1910.268(s)(41)
Unvented
vault. An enclosed vault in which the
only openings are access openings.
1910.268(s)(42)
Vault.
An enclosure above or below ground which personnel
may enter, and which is used for the purpose of
installing, operating, and/or maintaining equipment
and/or cable which need not be of submersible
design.
..1910.268(s)(43)
1910.268(s)(43)
Vented
vault. An enclosure as described in paragraph(s)
(42) of this section, with provision for air changes
using exhaust flue stack(s) and low level air
intake(s), operating on differentials of pressure
and temperature providing for air flow.
1910.268(s)(44)
Voltage
of an effectively grounded circuit. The
voltage between any conductor and ground unless
otherwise indicated.
1910.268(s)(45)
Voltage
of a circuit not effectively grounded.
The voltage between any two conductors. If one
circuit is directly connected to and supplied
from another circuit of higher voltage (as in
the case of an autotransformer), both are considered
as of the higher voltage, unless the circuit of
lower voltage is effectively grounded, in which
case its voltage is not determined by the circuit
of higher voltage. Direct connection implies electric
connection as distinguished from connection merely
through electromagnetic or electrostatic induction.
[40 FR 13441, Mar. 26, 1975, as amended at 43
FR 49751, Oct. 24, 1978; 47 FR 14706, Apr. 6,
1982; 52 FR 36387, Sept. 28, 1987; 54 FR 24334,
June 7, 1989; 61 FR 9227, March 7, 1996; 63 FR
33450, June 18, 1998; 67 FR 67965, Nov. 7, 2002]
