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1926.1050(a)
Scope
and application. This subpart applies to all stairways
and ladders used in construction, alteration repair (including
painting and decorating), and demolition workplaces covered
under 29 CFR part 1926, and also sets forth, in specified
circumstances, when ladders and stairways are required
to be provided. Additional requirements for ladders used
on or with scaffolds are contained in Subpart L - Scaffolds.
1926.1050(b)
Definitions.
"Cleat"
means a ladder crosspiece of rectangular cross section
placed on edge upon which a person may step while ascending
or descending a ladder.
"Double-cleat
ladder" means a ladder similar in construction to
a single-cleat ladder, but with a center rail to allow
simultaneous two-way traffic for employees ascending or
descending.
"Equivalent"
means alternative designs, materials, or methods that
the employer can demonstrate will provide an equal or
greater degree of safety for employees than the method
or item specified in the standard.
"Extension
trestle ladder" means a self-supporting portable
ladder, adjustable in length consisting of a trestle ladder
base and a vertically adjustable extension section, with
a suitable means for locking the ladders together.
"Failure"
means load refusal, breakage or separation of component
parts. Load refusal is the point where the structural
members lose their ability to carry the loads.
"Fixed-ladder" means a ladder that cannot be
readily moved or carried because it is an integral part
of a building or structure. A side-step fixed ladder is
a fixed ladder that requires a person getting off at the
top to step to the side of the ladder side rails to reach
the landing. A through fixed ladder is a fixed ladder
that requires a person getting off at the top to step
between the side rails of the ladder to reach the landing.
"Handrail"
means a rail used to provide employees with a handhold
for support.
"Individual-rung/step ladders" means ladders
without a side rail or center rail support. Such ladders
are made by mounting individual steps or rungs directly
to the side or wall of the structure.
"Job-made
ladder" means a ladder that is fabricated by employees,
typically at the construction site, and is not commercially
manufactured. This definition does not apply to any individual-rung/step
ladders.
"Ladder
stand." A mobile fixed size self-supporting ladder
consisting of a wide flat tread ladder in the form of
stairs. The assembly may include handrails.
"Lower
levels" means those areas to which an employee can
fall from a stairway or ladder. Such areas include ground
levels, floors, roofs, ramps, runways, excavations, pits,
tanks, material, water, equipment, and similar surfaces.
It does not include the surface from which the employee
falls.
"Maximum
intended load" means the total load of all employees,
equipment, tools, materials, transmitted loads, and other
loads anticipated to be applied to a ladder component
at any one time.
"Nosing"
means that portion of a tread projecting beyond the face
of the riser immediately below.
"Point
of access" means all areas used by employees for
work related passage from one area or level to another.
Such open areas include doorways, passageways, stairway
openings, studded walls, and various other permanent or
temporary openings used for such travel.
"Portable
ladder" means a ladder that can be readily moved
or carried.
"Riser
height" means the vertical distance from the top
of a tread to the top of the next higher tread or platform/landing
or the distance from the top of a platform/landing to
the top of the next higher tread or platform/landing.
"Side-step
fixed ladder." See "Fixed ladder."
"Single-cleat
ladder" means a ladder consisting of a pair of side
rails, connected together by cleats, rungs, or steps.
"Single-rail
ladder" means a portable ladder with rungs, cleats,
or steps mounted on a single rail instead of the normal
two rails used on most other ladders.
"Spiral
stairway" means a series of steps attached to a vertical
pole and progressing upward in a winding fashion within
a cylindrical space.
"Stairrail
system" means a vertical barrier erected along the
unprotected sides and edges of a stairway to prevent employees
from falling to lower levels. The top surface of a stairrail
system may also be a "handrail."
"Step
stool (ladder type)" means a self-supporting, foldable,
portable ladder, nonadjustable in length, 32 inches or
less in overall size, with flat steps and without a pail
shelf, designed to be climbed on the ladder top cap as
well as all steps. The side rails may continue above the
top cap.
"Through
fixed ladder." See "Fixed ladder."
"Tread
depth" means the horizontal distance from front to
back of a tread (excluding nosing, if any).
"Unprotected
sides and edges" means any side or edge (except at
entrances to points of access) of a stairway where there
is no stairrail system or wall 36 inches (.9 m) or more
in height, and any side or edge (except at entrances to
points of access) of a stairway landing, or ladder platform
where there is no wall or guardrail system 39 inches (1
m) or more in height.
[55
FR 47687, Nov. 14, 1990; 56 FR 47687, Jan. 23, 1991; 58
FR 35184, June 30, 1993]
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